黄瓜雌花发育过程中柱头的腺特征

利用透射电镜技术研究了黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)雌花柱头发育过程中传递组织、分泌组织和乳突细胞的超微结构.在整个发育过程中,乳突细胞和分泌组织细胞的细胞质内密布很多管状及槽库膨大的内质网,产生很多分泌囊泡;在成熟柱头的传递组织和分泌组织细胞间观察到大量的胞间连丝;乳突细胞和分泌细胞高度液泡化,质膜内折;在柱头发育过程中分泌组织细胞的核周腔扩大形成裂瓣状核,到柱头成熟阶段裂瓣状核更加明显.进一步的研究显示,在成熟柱头的不同组织细胞中,ATPase的活性呈现在质膜和液泡膜上,随着柱头的发育,PM-H -ATPase的比活性明显增强.结果表明,黄瓜雌花柱头的腺特征随发育进程而趋于显著.     

生态因子对柑桔果实品质的影响

综述了柑桔果实主要品质因素(色泽、有机酸和糖)的生理基础,以及温度、光照、水分、土壤和地形地貌等主要生态因子对柑桔果实品质影响的研究概况,阐述了柑桔生态学研究存在的问题和今后的研究方向,并对我国柑桔品质区划方法提出了建议．     

盐和水分预处理对扶芳藤幼苗抗寒性的影响

测定了扶芳藤新品种‘红脉’经不同方式预处理后对幼苗抗寒性的影响,测定了膜脂过氧化水平、保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明,与对照低温胁迫相比,0.1和0.3mol/L NaCl溶液预处理后再经低温胁迫处理,扶芳藤幼苗的膜脂过氧化水平较低、保护酶活性高、渗透调节物质含量的累积较多,不同浓度的NaCl溶液预处理比不同浓度的PEG溶液预处理对提高扶芳藤的抗寒性更有效。通过实验证明了植物在不同的逆境中确实存在着交叉适应现象,植物对各种逆境胁迫有着许多相同的生理反应,对各种胁迫的适应性存在某些共同的机制。     

退化湿地生态系统恢复的一些理论问题

湿地是陆地和水生生态系统间的过渡带,作为一种重要的自然资源,湿地是野生生物的栖息地,可调控区域内的水分循环和C、N等元素的生物地球化学循环;其生物生产力可为人类提供食物和商品,还能过滤和分解所吸纳的污染物,由于湿地的功能未受到足够的重视。全世界的湿地因大量围垦和干扰而丧失或退化,在退化湿地的恢复过程中,可用自我设计和设计理论、演替理论、入侵理论、河流理论、洪水脉冲理论、边缘效应理论和中度干扰假说等理论作指导,湿地恢复的方法包括：尽可能采用工程与生物措施相结合的方法,恢复湿地的供水连接,利用水文过程加快恢复,控制污染物的流入,修饰湿地的地形或景观,改良湿地土壤,在最佳位置重建湿地的生物群落,减少人类干扰,提高湿地的自我维持能力,建立缓冲带以保护自然的和恢复的湿地,建立湿地稳定性和持续性的评价体系并予以监控。     

野生毛葡萄远缘杂交后代离体培养研究

以MS、1/2MS、GS三种培养基为基本培养基,以及在1/2MS培养基上分别附加6-BA 1.0mg/L+IAA 0.1mg/L和6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L两组植物生长调节剂,对野生毛葡萄及其远缘杂交种后代213、741、196、296、B₂等6个品种(种类)进行茎段腋芽萌发离体培养试验。结果表明:1/2MS培养基为基本培养基最适宜茎段腋芽的诱导萌发;NAA对毛葡萄及其杂交种后代的萌芽生长影响明显,若单独使用,对绝大多数品种的茎段腋芽萌发有明显的抑制作用,与IAA交替使用,则对茎段腋芽萌发有促进作用。     

Relationship Between PSⅡExcitation Pressure and Content of Super High-Yielding Hybrid Rice

The changes in photochemical features of PhotosystemⅡ(PSⅡ) and contents of Rubisco large subunit (RLS) and small subunit (RSS) in flag leaf from 75DAS to 113DAS (from filling to harvesting stages) were investigated in two hybrid rices (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Liangyoupeijiu and cv. Shanyou 63 grown in the field. Liangyoupeijiu is a super high-yielding rice and Shanyou 63 has widely been planted in China in these years. The results indicate that soluble protein and chlorophyll in both cultivars degraded slowly at first and dramatically thereafter. The degradation speed of soluble protein in Shanyou 63 was faster than that in Liangyoupeijiu. Both Fv/Fm and qP decreased in parallel with leaf senescence, whereas qN fell at first and then rose. No significant change in excitation pressure (1-qP ) was found before 89DAS but a sharply increase in both cultivars after it occurred. Excitation pressure rose more rapidly in Shanyou 63 than that in Liangyoupeijiu. The changes of RLS and RSS content exhibited the same trend as that of soluble protein content. A better linear correlation between RLS, RSS degradation and elevation of (1-qP ) were shown in both cultivars. We suggest that the increase in PSⅡ excitation pressure possibly induced the quick senescence process in rice flag leaf. The high-yielding of Liangyoupeijiu may be due to its maintenance of stronger photosynthetic capacity, longer and more stable photosynthetic functional du-ration than that of Shanyou 63.     

泛肽交联酶(E2)通过苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因启动子参与水稻对紫外光的防护

迄今为止,诱导苯丙类化合物和黄酮类化合物合成并造成类黄酮的积累被认为是植物抵御紫外光的惟一主要的途径.苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)是苯丙类化合物合成的关键酶.通过体内足印试验表明,在pal-1基因启动子中有一段序列CTCCAAC从CCCCTTC可以作为顺式元件参与紫外信号的传递.为了克隆与其相对应的反式因子,我们使用了酵母单杂交体系进行筛选.在鱼饵质粒中,我们将3个拷贝的顺式元件序列串联并与酵母异细胞血红素C(CYC)基本启动子连接.将鱼饵质粒和水稻cDNA表达质粒库共同转化到同一酵母中,通过筛选鉴定,克隆到一些编码泛肽交联酶(E2)基因.氨基酸同源性分析表明,该酶E2(RE2)与其他物种的泛肽交联酶具有很高的同源性.水稻泛肽交联酶受紫外光诱导加速合成.当RE2与水稻核蛋白进行交联反应后能与pal-1基因中顺式元件CTCCAACAACCCCTTC专一结合.从这些结果可以推测水稻泛肽交联酶RE2可能通过苯丙类化合物的合成代谢参与对紫外光的防护.     

水稻AtpH基因的表达受冷抑制

采用RT-PCR差异显示法,从水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗克隆了1个受冷抑制表达的cDNA片段.该片段序列与水稻叶绿体基因组编码ATP合酶CF0Ⅲ亚基的atpH基因完全同源,且覆盖了atpH基因编码区.以Northern杂交分析了水稻幼苗在冷处理不同时间后的atpH基因转录水平,结果表明,atpH基因的转录受冷抑制,在冷处理第1天就明显下降,第2天以后完全受抑制.     

我国森林脑炎病毒森张株编码区序列测定

为鉴定我国森林脑炎病毒亚型,了解基因组结构与生物功能的关系,同时为森林脑炎病毒新型疫苗研制打下基础,对森林脑炎病毒森张株编码区序列进行测定.根据已发表的Sofjin-HO、Oshima5-10株序列设计9对重叠引物,通过RT-PCR扩增不同的cDNA片段,分别克隆至pGEM(R)-T载体,转化DH5 α菌,挑阳性克隆PCR、酶切鉴定后测序.结果表明森张株编码区全长10 245nt,编码3 414个氨基酸.我国森林脑炎病毒森张株与Oshima5.10、Sofjin-HO、Sofjin同源性最近,属于远东亚型.     

A Comparative Study on Aquatic Plant Diversity in Six Lakes of Dongting Poyang District in China

In order to reveal the effects of human disturbance on aquatic plant diversity in freshwater lakes,the species and community diversity of aquatic plant,and their long term changes in six freshwater lakes of Dongting Poyang District (Lake Bailian and Haikou under lightly disturbance,Changhu and Xiliang under heavy disturbance,Datong and Wushan under very heavy disturbance) were comparatively studied by means of Transect Sampling Method,Global Position System Technique (GPS) and Geographical Information System Technique(GIS).The main results are as follows:(1)It was found that Lake Bailian,Haikou,Changhu,Xiliang,Datong and Wushan contained 69,67,98,77,56,38 aquatic plant species and 14,14,14,13,6,0 associations,respectively in 2001.Their coverages reached to 100%,9618%,6532%,6118%,1060%,0% and mean biomass 2231?g/m2,2718?g/m2,1816?g/m2,1471?g/m2,256?g/m2,0?g/m2 (fresh weight),respectively.(2)As compared with the data obtaining from the surveys in 1980 to 1982,1,1,6,7,9 and 29 species,and 1,1,4,4,5 and 6 associations of aquatic plant disappeared from the six lakes respectively in the last twenty years.Their respective vegetation coverage decreased by 0%,382%,3285%,3780%,594% and 9100%.(3)According to the statistics of plant species,there appeared a gradient as follows:Lake Bailian,Haikou>Changhu,Xiliang>Datong,Wushan.Their different current situations clearly reflected that in the past twenty years thery had suffered from human disturbance in different degrees.(4)The main biological mechanism for the loss of aquatic plants is that human disturbance destroyed the rhizomes and the dormant kuds can't formed.